How is natural hazard risk assessed?
Disaster risk depends on hazard likelihood together with exposure and vulnerability.
Formation, concepts and processes
Earthquakes of similar magnitude can have different outcomes because buildings and population differ. Hazard maps address physical events; risk maps estimate impacts. Uncertainty and data dates should be stated.
Examples, applications and limits
Ground investigation, safer buildings, warning and evacuation can reduce risk. Zero risk is not promised; decisions weigh likely harm and costs. Neighborhood conditions may differ from national maps.
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