What is albedo?
Albedo is the fraction of incoming sunlight reflected by a surface.
Formation, concepts and processes
Bright snow generally reflects more light than dark asphalt or ocean. Sun angle, clouds and surface age or dirt change measurements. Albedo alone does not set temperature; heat capacity, evaporation and wind also matter.
Examples, applications and limits
Ice loss can expose darker surfaces and amplify warming. Urban design considers reflective surfaces alongside glare and pedestrian comfort. A single albedo value should not be generalized without scale and season.
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