What is a map projection?
A map projection is a method for representing Earth’s curved surface on a flat map.
Definition and processes
Core concept Flattening a curved surface distorts at least some combination of area, distance, direction or shape. Projection choice depends on which property matters and which region is being shown. How it is studied Mercator can preserve useful directional relationships but greatly enlarges areas near the poles. Equal-area maps aid size comparisons while distorting shapes.
Applications and caveats
Why it matters A projection changes how viewers perceive global population or forest area. Local engineering and whole-world mapping usually require different choices. Common misunderstandings No flat world map preserves every area, shape, direction and distance perfectly. Visual detail does not guarantee geometric accuracy.