What are ocean currents?
Ocean currents are directed movements of seawater at the surface or in the deep ocean.
Definition and processes
Core concept Winds drive many surface currents; temperature and salinity differences influence deep circulation. Tides generate regular coastal currents, and Earth’s rotation affects direction. How it is studied Buoys, ships and satellites observe surface flow. Deep currents may be slower and different; one temperature map cannot show the entire circulation.
Applications and caveats
Why it matters Currents redistribute heat, nutrients and organisms. They influence navigation, fisheries and coastal climate. Common misunderstandings A warm current does not create the same climate at every coast. Winds, terrain and season also matter; tidal and large-scale currents operate differently.