What is a rain shadow?
A rain shadow is comparatively dry conditions on the downwind side of a mountain range.
Formation, concepts and processes
Moist air cools as it rises and can release precipitation. Descending air on the other side warms, lowering relative humidity and discouraging cloud formation. The contrast depends on wind direction, air mass and terrain.
Examples, applications and limits
This affects vegetation and water but mountains alone do not explain all aridity. Ocean currents, pressure patterns and seasons also shape rain. Long-term climate data test the pattern.
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