What is an urban heat island?
An urban heat island occurs when built-up areas are warmer than nearby rural surroundings, especially at certain times.
Formation, concepts and processes
Pavement and buildings store solar energy; less shade and evaporative cooling from vegetation increase heat. Street canyons affect airflow. The effect differs between day and night and between surface and air temperature.
Examples, applications and limits
Trees, shade, permeable surfaces and building design can reduce local heat. Solutions must account for water needs, maintenance and unequal exposure. One park does not cool an entire city uniformly.
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