What is an estuary?
An estuary is a coastal area where river freshwater meets and mixes with seawater.
Formation, concepts and processes
Tides, river flow and shoreline shape control salinity gradients and sediment. Fresh and salt water need not mix uniformly; layers vary with depth and season. Unlike a river-built delta, an estuary has a strong marine influence.
Examples, applications and limits
Nutrients and sheltered waters support many species. Ports, settlements and industry can increase pollution. Water quality cannot be assessed from an upstream river sample alone.
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