What is an aquifer?
An aquifer is a permeable geological unit that stores and transmits usable groundwater.
Formation, concepts and processes
Sand, gravel and fractured rock can form aquifers. Porosity affects storage and permeability affects flow. Confined aquifers lie between less permeable layers; unconfined ones have a water table. Porous rock does not always yield water efficiently to a well.
Examples, applications and limits
Protecting recharge zones reduces contamination risk. Withdrawal versus replenishment matters over time; ancient groundwater may not renew quickly on human timescales. Well design and monitoring depend on local geology.
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