How did the Crusades begin?
The Crusades were campaigns launched from Latin Christendom from the late eleventh century, with varied goals and destinations.
Historical context and developments
Pope Urban II’s call in 1095 and struggles in the eastern Mediterranean framed the first expedition. Religious motives mixed with politics and personal interests. Campaigns were not confined to Jerusalem.
Consequences and interpreting sources
Conquest and massacres affected Muslims, eastern Christians, Jews and others. Study consequences through trade, diplomacy and local experiences as well as military outcomes.
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