Why did the Peloponnesian War begin?
The Peloponnesian War, from 431 to 404 BCE, pitted alliances led by Athens and Sparta against each other.
Historical context and developments
Athenian sea power, Spartan security concerns, allied disputes and crises all contributed. Many communities beyond the two cities were affected. Disease, economic costs and domestic politics altered the course.
Consequences and interpreting sources
Athens lost, but Spartan dominance did not create lasting common peace. Thucydides is a major source whose selection and perspective must be read alongside other evidence.
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