What is vitamin B12 deficiency?
Vitamin B12 deficiency results from inadequate intake or absorption and can affect blood cells and nerves. Fatigue alone does not establish it.
Causes, symptoms and diagnosis
1. Definition and causes B12 is found in animal foods. Diet, gut conditions, some medicines and impaired absorption can contribute; the cause shapes replacement. 2. Symptoms and assessment Fatigue, pallor, tongue changes or tingling can occur. Blood count and B12 tests support assessment; nerve symptoms can appear without anaemia. 3. Care and treatment Oral or injected replacement depends on cause and severity. Some absorption problems need long-term therapy; supplements do not replace investigating the cause.
Warning signs and prevention
4. When to seek help Progressive numbness, walking difficulty, marked memory changes or serious anaemia symptoms need timely review. Early attention to nerve problems matters. 5. Prevention and daily life Adequate intake and monitoring help at-risk groups. Vegan diets need a reliable B12 source or supplement planned with appropriate advice.