What is a microbiome?
A microbiome encompasses microorganisms in a particular environment and their genetic features.
How it works and key principles
Composition and diversity: The gut, skin, soil and ocean host different microbial communities. Depending on the study, archaea, fungi and viruses are considered alongside bacteria. Age, diet, environment and medications may alter composition; there is no single ideal microbiome for everyone.
Evidence, examples and limits
Research and limits: DNA sequencing suggests which organisms are present but does not always show what they do. Gut microbes can interact with digestion and immunity. An association between a disease and microbial differences does not establish causation; intervention studies and clinical context are needed.
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