What is a solar eclipse?
A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves between Earth and the Sun and blocks sunlight for part of Earth.
How it works and key principles
Types and geometry: It happens near new Moon; total, partial and annular views depend on the observer’s position relative to the lunar shadow. The tilt of the Moon’s orbit prevents an eclipse at every new Moon. Totality follows a narrow path while broader areas can see a partial phase.
Evidence, examples and limits
Eye safety: Looking at the Sun directly, through ordinary sunglasses or through unfiltered binoculars risks permanent eye damage. Use certified eclipse viewers or safe indirect projection; optical instruments require proper solar filters on their front ends. Direct viewing during a total eclipse is possible only during totality and according to local safety guidance.