What is a food web?
A food web maps interconnected feeding relationships within an ecosystem.
How it works and key principles
Structure and energy: Producers convert light or chemical energy into organic matter. Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores and decomposers transfer matter and energy along different routes. Arrows usually point from food to consumer to show energy flow; a single food chain cannot capture all connections.
Evidence, examples and limits
Ecological change: Decline of one species can affect prey and predators, depending on network structure. Energy is dissipated through metabolism and heat at each trophic transfer, so not all passes upward. Field observations and experiments test links; coexistence alone does not establish a feeding relationship.
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