What is a mitochondrion?
A mitochondrion is an organelle carrying out important stages of energy conversion in eukaryotic cells.
How it works and key principles
Structure and function: It has outer and inner membranes; folds of the inner membrane provide space for proteins involved in energy conversion. Energy released from nutrient-derived molecules helps make ATP. Cells do not produce all energy solely in mitochondria; glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.
Evidence, examples and limits
Other roles: Mitochondria also contribute to calcium regulation and programmed cell death. They have their own DNA, but many mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nucleus. Number and activity vary with cell type and demand; calling them cellular powerhouses captures only part of their role.
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