What is chemical equilibrium?
Chemical equilibrium is the dynamic state in a reversible reaction when forward and reverse rates are equal.
How it works and key principles
Dynamic nature: Amounts may remain constant over time while molecular transformations continue. Reactant and product concentrations need not be equal. An equilibrium constant helps describe composition at a given temperature, while starting amounts affect the path toward equilibrium.
Evidence, examples and limits
Response to change: Changing concentration, pressure or temperature can lead to a different equilibrium state. A catalyst can speed approach to equilibrium but does not change the equilibrium constant at the same temperature. Steady concentrations in an open system need not imply chemical equilibrium.
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