How does geothermal energy arise?
Geothermal energy comes from Earth's primordial heat and heat generated by radioactive decay moving toward the crust.
How the process forms and its main drivers
Heat approaches the surface through conduction, magma and groundwater circulation. A usable system needs permeable rock, fluid and sufficient temperature.
Evidence, applications and limits
It can produce electricity or district heat. Fluid withdrawal, mineral scaling and injection-related small earthquakes require monitoring and reinjection. Local outcomes vary with climate, geology, topography and human influence, so they require long-term measurements.
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