How is homeostasis maintained?
Homeostasis keeps internal conditions such as temperature, pH, glucose and water balance within functional ranges.
Biological mechanism and regulation
Sensors monitor change, control centers compare it with a target and effectors respond. Negative feedback reduces deviation in a continuously adjusted balance.
Evidence, applications and limits
Nervous and endocrine systems work with kidneys, lungs and other organs. One abnormal value does not reveal the cause; interacting loops must be assessed. No single molecule or measurement explains the whole system; cell type, timing, environment and feedback must be considered together.
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