How does a tsunami form?
A tsunami is a series of long waves generated by sudden displacement of a large volume of water.
How the process forms and its main drivers
Earthquakes that vertically move the seafloor are the most common cause, while landslides and volcanic collapse can also act. Waves slow and grow near shore.
Evidence, applications and limits
The first wave may not be largest. After strong coastal shaking or sudden sea withdrawal, move to high ground without waiting for an official message. Local outcomes vary with climate, geology, topography and human influence, so they require long-term measurements.
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