Why does diffraction occur?
Diffraction is the spreading of waves beyond straight-line propagation as they pass through an opening or around an edge.
Physical mechanism and core principles
The effect becomes pronounced when an opening or obstacle is comparable to the wavelength. Contributions from different parts overlap to form strong and weak regions.
Evidence, applications and limits
Diffraction gratings separate light by wavelength. Aperture diameter also limits microscope and telescope resolution; magnification alone cannot reveal unlimited detail. Quantitative interpretation must state boundary conditions, units and ideal-model assumptions.
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