July 1: On This Day

Events, births, deaths, holidays and observances for July 1.

Events 100

69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the Ostrogoth king, Totila, is mortally wounded.
1097 – Battle of Dorylaeum: Crusaders led by prince Bohemond of Taranto defeat a Seljuk army led by sultan Kilij Arslan I.
1431 – The Battle of La Higueruela takes place in Granada, leading to a modest advance of the Kingdom of Castile during the Reconquista.
1520 – Spanish conquistadors led by Hernán Cortés fight their way out of Tenochtitlan after nightfall.
1523 – Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos become the first Lutheran martyrs, burned at the stake by Roman Catholic authorities in Brussels.
1543 – Having been defeated in the Battle of Solway Moss in the previous year, the Scots conclude the peace Treaty of Greenwich with the Kingdom of England. In it, they also agree to a marriage between the infant Queen Mary and Prince Edward, son of Henry VIII.
1569 – Union of Lublin: The Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania confirm a real union; the united country is called the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth or the Republic of Both Nations.
1643 – First meeting of the Westminster Assembly, a council of theologians ("divines") and members of the Parliament of England appointed to restructure the Church of England, at Westminster Abbey in London.
1690 – War of the Grand Alliance: Marshal de Luxembourg triumphs over an Anglo-Dutch army at the battle of Fleurus.
1690 – Glorious Revolution: Battle of the Boyne in Ireland (as reckoned under the Julian calendar).
1766 – François-Jean de la Barre, a young French nobleman, is tortured and beheaded before his body is burnt on a pyre along with a copy of Voltaire's Dictionnaire philosophique nailed to his torso for the crime of not saluting a Roman Catholic religious procession in Abbeville, France.
1770 – Lexell's Comet is seen closer to the Earth than any other comet in recorded history, approaching to a distance of 0.0146 astronomical units (2,180,000 km; 1,360,000 mi).
1782 – Raid on Lunenburg: American privateers attack the British settlement of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia.
1819 – Johann Georg Tralles discovers the Great Comet of 1819 (C/1819 N1). It is the first comet analyzed using polarimetry, by François Arago.
1823 – The five Central American nations of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica declare independence from the First Mexican Empire after being annexed the year prior.
1837 – A system of civil registration of births, marriages and deaths is established in England and Wales.
1841 – Thomas Lempriere and James Clark Ross carve a marker on the Isle of the Dead in Van Diemen's Land to measure tidal variations, one of the earliest surviving benchmarks for sea level rise.
1855 – Signing of the Quinault Treaty: The Quinault and the Quileute cede their land to the United States.
1858 – Joint reading of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace's papers on evolution to the Linnean Society of London.
1862 – The Russian State Library is founded as the Library of the Moscow Public Museum.
1862 – Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, second daughter of Queen Victoria, marries Prince Louis of Hesse, the future Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse.
1862 – American Civil War: The Battle of Malvern Hill takes place. It is the last of the Seven Days Battles, part of George B. McClellan's Peninsula Campaign.
1863 – Slavery is abolished in the Dutch colony of Surinam, a date subsequently celebrated as Ketikoti in independent Suriname.
1863 – American Civil War: The Battle of Gettysburg begins.
1867 – The British North America Act takes effect as the Province of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia join into confederation to create the modern nation of Canada. John A. Macdonald is sworn in as the first Prime Minister of Canada. This date is commemorated annually in Canada as Canada Day, a national holiday.
1870 – The United States Department of Justice formally comes into existence.
1873 – Prince Edward Island joins into Canadian Confederation.
1874 – The Sholes and Glidden typewriter, the first commercially successful typewriter, goes on sale.
1878 – Canada joins the Universal Postal Union.
1879 – Charles Taze Russell publishes the first edition of the religious magazine The Watchtower.
1881 – The world's first international telephone call is made between St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada, and Calais, Maine, United States.
1881 – General Order 70, the culmination of the Cardwell and Childers reforms of the British Army, comes into effect.
1885 – The United States terminates reciprocity and fishery agreement with Canada.
1885 – The Congo Free State is established by King Leopold II of Belgium.
1890 – Canada and Bermuda are linked by telegraph cable.
1898 – Spanish–American War: The Battle of San Juan Hill is fought in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.
1901 – The French government enacts its anti-clerical legislation Law of Association prohibiting the formation of new monastic orders without governmental approval.
1903 – Start of first Tour de France bicycle race.
1908 – SOS is adopted as the international distress signal.
1911 – Germany dispatches the gunboat SMS Panther to Morocco, sparking the Agadir Crisis.
1915 – World War I: Leutnant Kurt Wintgens of the then-named German Deutsches Heer's Fliegertruppe army air service achieves the first known aerial victory with a synchronized machine-gun armed fighter plane, the Fokker M.5K/MG Eindecker.
1916 – World War I: First day on the Somme: On the first day of the Battle of the Somme 19,000 soldiers of the British Army are killed and 40,000 wounded.
1917 – World War I: Russia launches the "Kerensky offensive" against Austria-Hungary to capture Galicia, its final offensive of the war.
1917 – Chinese General Zhang Xun seizes control of Beijing and restores the monarchy, installing Puyi, last emperor of the Qing dynasty, to the throne. The restoration is reversed just shy of two weeks later, when Republican troops regain control of the capital.
1921 – The Chinese Communist Party is founded by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao, with the help of the Far Eastern Bureau of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks), who seized power in Russia after the 1917 October Revolution, and the Far Eastern Secretariat of the Communist International.
1922 – The Great Railroad Strike of 1922 begins in the United States.
1923 – The Parliament of Canada suspends all Chinese immigration.
1924 – The National War Memorial for the Dominion of Newfoundland is inaugurated by Field Marshal Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig in St. John's, Newfoundland. The date commemorates the first day of the Battle of the Somme, where at Beaumont-Hamel, 86 percent of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment was wiped out.
1931 – United Airlines begins service (as Boeing Air Transport).
1931 – Wiley Post and Harold Gatty become the first people to circumnavigate the globe in a single-engined monoplane aircraft (a Lockheed Vega).
1932 – Australia's national broadcaster, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, is formed.
1935 – In Regina, Saskatchewan, police and Royal Canadian Mounted Police ambush strikers participating in the On-to-Ottawa Trek.
1942 – World War II: start of the First Battle of El Alamein.
1942 – The Australian Federal Government becomes the sole collector of income tax in Australia as State Income Tax is abolished.
1943 – The City of Tokyo and the Prefecture of Tokyo are both replaced by the Tokyo Metropolis.
1946 – Crossroads Able is the first postwar nuclear weapon test.
1947 – The Philippine Air Force is established.
1948 – Muhammad Ali Jinnah (Quaid-i-Azam) inaugurates Pakistan's central bank, the State Bank of Pakistan.
1949 – The merger of two princely states of India, Cochin and Travancore, into the state of Thiru-Kochi (later re-organized as Kerala) in the Indian Union ends more than 1,000 years of princely rule by the Cochin royal family.
1957 – The International Geophysical Year begins.
1958 – The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation links television broadcasting across Canada via microwave.
1958 – Flooding of Canada's Saint Lawrence Seaway begins.
1959 – Specific values for the international yard, avoirdupois pound and derived units (e.g. inch, mile and ounce) are adopted after agreement between the US, the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries.
1960 – The Trust Territory of Somaliland (the former Italian Somaliland) gains its independence from Italy. Concurrently, it unites as scheduled with the five-day-old State of Somaliland (the former British Somaliland) to form the Somali Republic.
1960 – Ghana becomes a republic and Kwame Nkrumah becomes its first President as Queen Elizabeth II ceases to be its head of state.
1962 – Independence of Rwanda and Burundi.
1963 – ZIP codes are introduced for United States mail.
1963 – The British Government admits that former diplomat Kim Philby had worked as a Soviet agent.
1966 – The first color television transmission in Canada takes place from Toronto.
1966 – The People's Liberation Army Rocket Force (first known as the 2nd Artillery Corps) is founded.
1967 – Merger Treaty: The European Community is formally created out of a merger between the Common Market, the European Coal and Steel Community, and the European Atomic Energy Commission.
1968 – The United States Central Intelligence Agency's Phoenix Program is officially established.
1968 – The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons is signed in Washington, D.C., London and Moscow by sixty-two countries.
1968 – Formal separation of the United Auto Workers from the AFL–CIO in the United States.
1972 – The first Gay pride march in England takes place.
1976 – Portugal grants autonomy to Madeira.
1978 – The Northern Territory in Australia is granted self-government.
1979 – Sony introduces the Walkman.
1980 – "O Canada" officially becomes the national anthem of Canada.
1983 – A North Korean Ilyushin Il-62M jet en route to Conakry Airport in Guinea crashes into the Fouta Djallon mountains in Guinea-Bissau, killing all 23 people on board.
1983 – The Ministry of State Security is established as China's principal intelligence agency
1984 – The PG-13 rating is introduced by the MPAA.
1987 – The American radio station WFAN in New York City is launched as the world's first all-sports radio station.
1990 – German reunification: East Germany accepts the Deutsche Mark as its currency, thus uniting the economies of East and West Germany.
1991 – Cold War: The Warsaw Pact is officially dissolved at a meeting in Prague.
1991 – The Finnish operator Radiolinja is launched as the world's first GSM network.
1997 – China resumes sovereignty over the city-state of Hong Kong, ending 156 years of British colonial rule. The handover ceremony is attended by British Prime Minister Tony Blair, Charles, Prince of Wales, Chinese President Jiang Zemin and U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright.
1997 – Space Shuttle program: Space Shuttle Columbia is launched on STS-94, a re-flight of the prematurely-ended STS-83 mission with the same crew.
1999 – The Scottish Parliament is officially opened by Elizabeth II on the day that legislative powers are officially transferred from the old Scottish Office in London to the new devolved Scottish Executive in Edinburgh. In Wales, the powers of the Welsh Secretary are transferred to the National Assembly.
2002 – The International Criminal Court is established to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the crime of aggression.
2002 – Bashkirian Airlines Flight 2937, a Tupolev Tu-154, and DHL Flight 611, a Boeing 757, collide in mid-air over Überlingen, southern Germany, killing all 71 on board both planes.
2003 – Over 500,000 people protest against efforts to pass anti-sedition legislation in Hong Kong.
2004 – Saturn orbit insertion of Cassini–Huygens begins at 01:12 UTC and ends at 02:48 UTC.
2006 – The Qinghai–Tibet railway first operates in China.
2007 – Smoking bans in the United Kingdom culminate in a prohibition on smoking in all public indoor spaces in England.
2008 – Riots erupt in Mongolia in response to allegations of fraud surrounding the 2008 legislative elections.
2013 – Croatia becomes the 28th member of the European Union.
2020 – The United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement replaces NAFTA.
2024 – At the centennial ceremony of the Dominion of Newfoundland National War Memorial, the Commonwealth War Graves Commission allows an unprecedented second Canadian Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. The Royal Newfoundland Regiment soldier is entombed in the memorial at this ceremony.

Births 261

1311 – Liu Bowen, Chinese military strategist, statesman and poet (died 1375)
1464 – Clara Gonzaga, Italian noble (died 1503)
1481 – Christian II of Denmark (died 1559)
1500 – Federico Cesi (cardinal), Italian cardinal (died 1565)
1506 – Louis II of Hungary (died 1526)
1534 – Frederick II of Denmark (died 1588)
1553 – Peter Street, English carpenter and builder (died 1609)
1574 – Joseph Hall, English bishop and mystic (died 1656)
1586 – Claudio Saracini, Italian lute player and composer (died 1630)
1633 – Johann Heinrich Heidegger, Swiss theologian and author (died 1698)
1646 – Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, German mathematician and philosopher (died 1716)
1663 – Franz Xaver Murschhauser, German composer and theorist (died 1738)
1725 – Rhoda Delaval, English painter and aristocrat (died 1757)
1725 – Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, French general (died 1807)
1726 – Acharya Bhikshu, Jain saint (died 1803)
1731 – Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Duncan, Scottish-English admiral (died 1804)
1742 – Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, German physicist and academic (died 1799)
1771 – Ferdinando Paer, Italian composer and conductor (died 1839)
1788 – Jean-Victor Poncelet, French mathematician and engineer (died 1867)
1804 – Charles Gordon Greene, American journalist and politician (died 1886)
1804 – George Sand, French author and playwright (died 1876)
1807 – Thomas Green Clemson, American politician and educator, founder of Clemson University (died 1888)
1808 – Ygnacio del Valle, Mexican-American landowner (died 1880)
1814 – Robert Richard Torrens, Irish-Australian politician, 3rd Premier of South Australia (died 1884)
1818 – Ignaz Semmelweis, Hungarian-Austrian physician and obstetrician (died 1865)
1818 – Karl von Vierordt, German physician, psychologist and academic (died 1884)
1822 – Nguyễn Đình Chiểu, Vietnamese poet and activist (died 1888)
1834 – Jadwiga Łuszczewska, Polish poet and author (died 1908)
1850 – Florence Earle Coates, American poet (died 1927)
1858 – Willard Metcalf, American painter (died 1925)
1858 – Velma Caldwell Melville, American editor and writer of prose and poetry (died 1924)
1859 – DeLancey W. Gill, American painter (died 1940)
1863 – William Grant Stairs, Canadian-English captain and explorer (died 1892)
1869 – William Strunk Jr., American author and educator (died 1946)
1872 – Louis Blériot, French pilot and engineer (died 1936)
1872 – William Duddell, English physicist and engineer (died 1917)
1873 – Alice Guy-Blaché, French-American film director, producer and screenwriter (died 1968)
1873 – Andrass Samuelsen, Faroese politician, 1st Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (died 1954)
1875 – Joseph Weil, American con man (died 1976)
1876 – T. J. Ryan, Australian politician, 19th Premier of Queensland (died 1921)
1878 – Jacques Rosenbaum, Estonian-German architect (died 1944)
1879 – Léon Jouhaux, French union leader, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1954)
1881 – Edward Battersby Bailey, English geologist (died 1965)
1882 – Bidhan Chandra Roy, Indian physician and politician, 2nd Chief Minister of West Bengal (died 1962)
1883 – Arthur Borton, English colonel, Victoria Cross recipient (died 1933)
1885 – Dorothea Mackellar, Australian author and poet (died 1968)
1887 – Amber Reeves, New Zealand-English author and scholar (died 1981)
1892 – James M. Cain, American author and journalist (died 1977)
1892 – László Lajtha, Hungarian composer and conductor (died 1963)
1899 – Thomas A. Dorsey, American pianist and composer (died 1993)
1899 – Charles Laughton, English-American actor and director (died 1962)
1899 – Konstantinos Tsatsos, Greek scholar and politician, President of Greece (died 1987)
1901 – Irna Phillips, American screenwriter (died 1973)
1902 – William Wyler, French-American film director, producer and screenwriter (died 1981)
1903 – Amy Johnson, English pilot (died 1941)
1903 – Beatrix Lehmann, English actress (died 1979)
1906 – Jean Dieudonné, French mathematician and academic (died 1992)
1906 – Estée Lauder, American businesswoman, co-founder of Estée Lauder Companies (died 2004)
1907 – Norman Pirie, Scottish-English biochemist and virologist (died 1997)
1909 – Emmett Toppino, American sprinter (died 1971)
1910 – Glenn Hardin, American hurdler (died 1975)
1911 – Arnold Alas, Estonian landscape architect and artist (died 1990)
1911 – Sergey Sokolov, Russian marshal and politician, Soviet Minister of Defence (died 2012)
1912 – David Brower, American environmentalist, founder of the Sierra Club Foundation (died 2000)
1912 – Sally Kirkland, American journalist (died 1989)
1913 – Frank Barrett, American baseball player (died 1998)
1913 – Lee Guttero, American basketball player (died 2004)
1913 – Vasantrao Naik, Indian politician, 3rd Chief Minister of Maharashtra (died 1979)
1914 – Thomas Pearson, British Army officer (died 2019)
1914 – Christl Cranz, German alpine skier (died 2004)
1914 – Bernard B. Wolfe, American politician (died 2016)
1915 – Willie Dixon, American blues singer-songwriter, bass player, guitarist and producer (died 1992)
1915 – Philip Lever, 3rd Viscount Leverhulme, British peer (died 2000)
1915 – Boots Poffenberger, American baseball pitcher (died 1999)
1915 – Joseph Ransohoff, American soldier and neurosurgeon (died 2001)
1915 – Jean Stafford, American writer (died 1979)
1915 – Nguyễn Văn Linh, Vietnamese politician (died 1998)
1916 – Olivia de Havilland, British-American actress (died 2020)
1916 – Iosif Shklovsky, Ukrainian astronomer and astrophysicist (died 1985)
1916 – George C. Stoney, American director and producer (died 2012)
1917 – Álvaro Domecq y Díez, Spanish aristocrat (died 2005)
1918 – Ralph Young, American singer and actor (died 2008)
1918 – Ahmed Deedat, South African writer and public speaker (died 2005)
1918 – Pedro Yap, Filipino lawyer (died 2003)
1919 – Arnold Meri, Estonian colonel (died 2009)
1919 – Malik Dohan al-Hassan, Iraqi politician (died 2021)
1919 – Gerald E. Miller, American vice admiral (died 2014)
1920 – Henri Amouroux, French historian and journalist (died 2007)
1920 – Harold Sakata, Japanese-American wrestler and actor (died 1982)
1920 – George I. Fujimoto, American-Japanese chemist (died 2023)
1921 – Seretse Khama, Batswana lawyer and politician, 1st President of Botswana (died 1980)
1921 – Michalina Wisłocka, Polish gynecologist and sexologist (died 2005)
1921 – Arthur Johnson, Canadian canoeist (died 2003)
1922 – Toshi Seeger, German-American activist, co-founder of the Clearwater Festival (died 2013)
1922 – Mordechai Bibi, Israeli politician (died 2023)
1923 – Scotty Bowers, American marine, author and pimp (died 2019)
1924 – Antoni Ramallets, Spanish footballer and manager (died 2013)
1924 – Florence Stanley, American actress (died 2003)
1924 – Georges Rivière, French actor (died unknown)
1925 – Farley Granger, American actor (died 2011)
1925 – Art McNally, American football referee (died 2023)
1926 – Robert Fogel, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2013)
1926 – Carl Hahn, German businessman (died 2023)
1926 – Mohamed Abshir Muse, Somali general (died 2017)
1926 – Hans Werner Henze, German composer and educator (died 2012)
1927 – Alan J. Charig, English paleontologist and author (died 1997)
1927 – Winfield Dunn, American politician, 43rd Governor of Tennessee (died 2024)
1927 – Joseph Martin Sartoris, American bishop (died 2025)
1927 – Chandra Shekhar, 8th Prime Minister of India (died 2007)
1929 – Gerald Edelman, American biologist and immunologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2014)
1930 – Moustapha Akkad, Syrian-American director and producer (died 2005)
1930 – Carol Chomsky, American linguist and academic (died 2008)
1931 – Leslie Caron, French actress and dancer
1932 – Ze'ev Schiff, French-Israeli journalist and author (died 2007)
1933 – C. Scott Littleton, American anthropologist and academic (died 2010)
1934 – Claude Berri, French actor, director and screenwriter (died 2009)
1934 – Jamie Farr, American actor
1934 – Jean Marsh, English actress and screenwriter (died 2025)
1934 – Sydney Pollack, American actor, director and producer (died 2008)
1935 – James Cotton, American singer-songwriter and harmonica player (died 2017)
1935 – David Prowse, English actor (died 2020)
1936 – Wally Amos, American entrepreneur, founder of Famous Amos (died 2024)
1938 – Craig Anderson, American baseball player and coach
1938 – Hariprasad Chaurasia, Indian flute player and composer
1939 – Karen Black, American actress (died 2013)
1939 – Delaney Bramlett, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer (died 2008)
1940 – Craig Brown, Scottish footballer and manager (died 2023)
1940 – Ela Gandhi, South African activist and politician
1940 – Cahit Zarifoğlu, Turkish poet and author (died 1987)
1941 – Rod Gilbert, Canadian-American ice hockey player (died 2021)
1941 – Alfred G. Gilman, American pharmacologist and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2015)
1941 – Nicolae Saramandu, Romanian linguist and philologist
1941 – Myron Scholes, Canadian-American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
1941 – Twyla Tharp, American dancer and choreographer
1942 – Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri, Iraqi field marshal and politician (died 2020)
1942 – Geneviève Bujold, Canadian actress
1942 – Andraé Crouch, American singer-songwriter, producer and pastor (died 2015)
1942 – Julia Higgins, English chemist and academic
1943 – Philip Brunelle, American conductor and organist
1943 – Peeter Lepp, Estonian politician, 37th Mayor of Tallinn
1943 – Jeff Wayne, American composer, musician and lyricist
1944 – Nurul Haque Miah, Bangladeshi professor and writer (died 2021)
1945 – Mike Burstyn, American actor and singer
1945 – Debbie Harry, American singer-songwriter and actress
1946 – Mick Aston, English archaeologist and academic (died 2013)
1946 – Erkki Tuomioja, Finnish sergeant and politician, Finnish Minister for Foreign Affairs
1946 – Kojo Laing, Ghanaian novelist and poet (died 2017)
1947 – Kazuyoshi Hoshino, Japanese race car driver
1947 – Malcolm Wicks, English academic and politician (died 2012)
1948 – John Ford, English-American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1949 – Néjia Ben Mabrouk, Tunisian-Belgian director and screenwriter
1949 – John Farnham, English-Australian singer-songwriter
1949 – David Hogan, American composer and educator (died 1996)
1949 – Venkaiah Naidu, Indian lawyer and politician
1950 – David Duke, American white supremacist, politician and Ku Klux Klan Grand Wizard
1951 – Trevor Eve, English actor and producer
1951 – Anne Feeney, American singer-songwriter and activist (died 2021)
1951 – Julia Goodfellow, English physicist and academic
1951 – Klaus-Peter Justus, German runner
1951 – Tom Kozelko, American basketball player
1951 – Terrence Mann, American actor, singer and dancer
1951 – Fred Schneider, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player
1951 – Victor Willis, American singer-songwriter, pianist and actor (died 2026)
1952 – Dan Aykroyd, Canadian actor, producer and screenwriter
1952 – David Arkenstone, American composer and performer
1952 – David Lane, English oncologist and academic
1952 – Steve Shutt, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
1952 – Timothy J. Tobias, American pianist and composer (died 2006)
1953 – Lawrence Gonzi, Maltese lawyer and politician, 12th Prime Minister of Malta
1953 – Mike Haynes, American football player
1953 – Jadranka Kosor, Croatian journalist and politician, 9th Prime Minister of Croatia
1954 – Keith Whitley, American singer and guitarist (died 1989)
1954 – Hossein Nuri, Iranian artist and director
1955 – Nikolai Demidenko, Russian pianist and educator
1955 – Li Keqiang, Chinese economist and politician, 7th Premier of the People's Republic of China (died 2023)
1955 – Lisa Scottoline, American lawyer and author
1955 – Maʻafu Tukuiʻaulahi, Tongan politician and military officer, Deputy Prime Minister (died 2021)
1956 – Alan Ruck, American actor
1957 – Lisa Blount, American actress and producer (died 2010)
1957 – Hannu Kamppuri, Finnish ice hockey player
1957 – Sean O'Driscoll, English footballer and manager
1958 – Jack Dyer Crouch II, American diplomat, United States Deputy National Security Advisor
1958 – Louise Penny, Canadian mystery novelist
1960 – Michael Beattie, Australian rugby league player and coach
1960 – Lynn Jennings, American runner
1960 – Evelyn "Champagne" King, American soul/disco singer
1960 – Kevin Swords, American rugby player
1961 – Malcolm Elliott, English cyclist
1961 – Ivan Kaye, English actor
1961 – Carl Lewis, American long jumper and runner
1961 – Diana, Princess of Wales (died 1997)
1961 – Michelle Wright, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
1962 – Andre Braugher, American actor (died 2023)
1962 – Mokhzani Mahathir, Malaysian businessman
1963 – Roddy Bottum, American singer and keyboard player
1963 – Linda Fagan, American Coast Guard Admiral
1963 – Nick Giannopoulos, Australian actor
1963 – David Wood, American lawyer and environmentalist (died 2006)
1964 – Bernard Laporte, French rugby player and coach
1965 – Carl Fogarty, English motorcycle racer
1965 – Garry Schofield, English rugby player and coach
1965 – Harald Zwart, Norwegian director and producer
1966 – Enrico Annoni, Italian footballer and coach
1966 – Shawn Burr, Canadian-American ice hockey player (died 2013)
1967 – Pamela Anderson, Canadian-American model and actress
1969 – Séamus Egan, American-Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist
1971 – Missy Elliott, American rapper, producer, dancer and actress
1971 – Julianne Nicholson, American actress
1974 – Jefferson Pérez, Ecuadorian race walker
1974 – Jonathan Roumie, American actor
1975 – Sean Colson, American basketball player and coach
1975 – Sufjan Stevens, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1976 – Patrick Kluivert, Dutch footballer and coach
1976 – Hannu Tihinen, Finnish footballer
1976 – Albert Torrens, Australian rugby league player
1976 – Ruud van Nistelrooy, Dutch footballer and manager
1976 – Szymon Ziółkowski, Polish hammer thrower
1977 – Tom Frager, Senegalese-French singer-songwriter and guitarist
1977 – Keigo Hayashi, Japanese musician
1977 – Jarome Iginla, Canadian ice hockey player
1977 – Liv Tyler, American actress
1979 – Forrest Griffin, American mixed martial artist and actor
1980 – Nelson Cruz, Dominican-American baseball player
1981 – Carlo Del Fava, South African-Italian rugby player
1981 – Tadhg Kennelly, Irish-Australian footballer
1982 – Justin Huber, Australian baseball player
1982 – Joachim Johansson, Swedish tennis player
1982 – Adrian Ward, American football player
1982 – Fedi Nuril, Indonesian actor, model, and musician
1982 – Hilarie Burton, American actress
1983 – Leeteuk, South Korean singer and entertainer
1984 – Donald Thomas, Bahamian high jumper
1985 – Chris Perez, American baseball player
1985 – Léa Seydoux, French actor
1986 – Charlie Blackmon, American baseball player
1986 – Andrew Lee, Australian footballer
1986 – Julian Prochnow, German footballer
1987 – Michael Schrader, German decathlete
1988 – Dedé, Brazilian footballer
1988 – Aleksander Lesun, Russian modern pentathlete
1989 – Kent Bazemore, American basketball player
1989 – Hannah Murray, English actress
1989 – Daniel Ricciardo, Australian race car driver
1991 – Lucas Vázquez, Spanish footballer
1991 – Michael Wacha, American baseball player
1992 – Aaron Sanchez, American baseball player
1994 – Chloé Paquet, French tennis player
1995 – Boli Bolingoli-Mbombo, Belgian footballer
1995 – Savvy Shields, Miss America 2017
1995 – Taeyong, South Korea rapper
1996 – Adelina Sotnikova, Russian figure skater
1998 – Chloe Bailey, American singer-songwriter and actress
1998 – Susan Bandecchi, Swiss tennis player
1998 – Aleksandra Golovkina, Lithuanian figure skater
2000 – Lalu Muhammad Zohri, Indonesian sprinter
2001 – Chosen Jacobs, American actor and singer
2001 – Theo, South Korean singer-songwriter
2003 – Tate McRae, Canadian singer-songwriter and dancer
2003 – Storm Reid, American actress
2004 – Daniela Avanzini, American singer and dancer
2004 – Alejandro Garnacho, Spanish-Argentine footballer

Deaths 116

552 – Totila, Ostrogoth king
992 – Heonjeong, Korean queen (born 966)
1109 – Alfonso VI, king of León and Castile (born 1040)
1224 – Hōjō Yoshitoki, regent of the Kamakura shogunate of Japan (born 1163)
1242 – Chagatai Khan, Mongol ruler (born 1183)
1277 – Baibars, Egyptian sultan (born 1223)
1287 – Narathihapate, Burmese king (born 1238)
1321 – María de Molina, queen of Castile and León
1348 – Joan, English princess
1555 – John Bradford, English reformer, prebendary of St. Paul's (born 1510)
1589 – Lady Saigō, Japanese concubine (born 1552)
1592 – Marc'Antonio Ingegneri, Italian composer and educator (born 1535)
1614 – Isaac Casaubon, French philologist and scholar (born 1559)
1622 – William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle, English politician (born 1575)
1681 – Oliver Plunkett, Irish archbishop and saint (born 1629)
1736 – Ahmed III, Ottoman sultan (born 1673)
1749 – William Jones, Welsh mathematician and academic (born 1675)
1774 – Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland, English politician, Secretary of State for the Southern Department (born 1705)
1782 – Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham, English politician, Prime Minister of Great Britain (born 1730)
1784 – Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, German composer (born 1710)
1787 – Charles de Rohan, French marshal (born 1715)
1819 – The Public Universal Friend, American evangelist (born 1752)
1828 – Lyncoya Jackson, a Muscogee war orphan adopted by Andrew Jackson
1839 – Mahmud II, Ottoman sultan (born 1785)
1860 – Charles Goodyear, American chemist and engineer (born 1800)
1863 – John F. Reynolds, American general (born 1820)
1887 – Thomas Francis Meagher, Leader of the Young Ireland rebellion of 1848, Commander of the Irish Brigade in the US Civil War (born 1823)
1884 – Allan Pinkerton, Scottish-American detective and spy (born 1819)
1896 – Harriet Beecher Stowe, American author and activist (born 1811)
1905 – John Hay, American journalist and politician, 37th United States Secretary of State (born 1838)
1912 – Harriet Quimby, American pilot and screenwriter (born 1875)
1925 – Erik Satie, French pianist and composer (born 1866)
1934 – Ernst Röhm, German paramilitary commander, co-founder and leader of the Sturmabteilung (SA) (born 1887)
1942 – Peadar Toner Mac Fhionnlaoich, Irish writer (born 1857)
1943 – Willem Arondeus, Dutch artist, author and anti-Nazi resistance fighter (born 1894)
1944 – Carl Mayer, Austrian-English screenwriter (born 1894)
1944 – Tanya Savicheva, Russian author (born 1930)
1948 – Achille Varzi, Italian race car driver (born 1904)
1950 – Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, Swiss composer and educator (born 1865)
1950 – Eliel Saarinen, Finnish-American architect, co-designed the National Museum of Finland (born 1873)
1951 – Tadeusz Borowski, Polish poet, novelist and journalist (born 1922)
1961 – Louis-Ferdinand Céline, French physician and author (born 1894)
1962 – Purushottam Das Tandon, Indian lawyer and politician (born 1882)
1962 – Bidhan Chandra Roy, Indian physician and politician, 2nd Chief Minister of West Bengal (born 1882)
1964 – Pierre Monteux, French-American viola player and conductor (born 1875)
1965 – Wally Hammond, English cricketer (born 1903)
1965 – Robert Ruark, American journalist and author (born 1915)
1966 – Frank Verner, American runner (born 1883)
1967 – Gerhard Ritter, German historian and academic (born 1888)
1968 – Fritz Bauer, German judge and politician (born 1903)
1971 – William Lawrence Bragg, Australian-English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1890)
1971 – Learie Constantine, Trinidadian-English cricketer, lawyer and politician (born 1901)
1974 – Juan Perón, Argentinian general and politician, President of Argentina (born 1895)
1978 – Kurt Student, German general and pilot (born 1890)
1981 – Carlos de Oliveira, Portuguese author and poet (born 1921)
1983 – Buckminster Fuller, American architect, designed the Montreal Biosphère (born 1895)
1984 – Moshé Feldenkrais, Ukrainian-Israeli physicist and academic (born 1904)
1990 – Jurriaan Schrofer, Dutch sculptor, designer and educator (born 1926)
1991 – Michael Landon, American actor, director and producer (born 1936)
1992 – Franco Cristaldi, Italian screenwriter and producer (born 1924)
1994 – Merriam Modell, American author (born 1908)
1995 – Wolfman Jack, American radio host (born 1938)
1995 – Ian Parkin, English guitarist (Be-Bop Deluxe) (born 1950)
1996 – William T. Cahill, American lawyer and politician, 46th Governor of New Jersey (born 1904)
1996 – Margaux Hemingway, American model and actress (born 1954)
1996 – Steve Tesich, Serbian-American author and screenwriter (born 1942)
1997 – Robert Mitchum, American actor (born 1917)
1997 – Charles Werner, American cartoonist (born 1909)
1999 – Edward Dmytryk, Canadian-American director and producer (born 1908)
1999 – Forrest Mars Sr., American businessman, creator of M&M's and the Mars chocolate bar (born 1904)
1999 – Sylvia Sidney, American actress (born 1910)
1999 – Sola Sierra, Chilean human rights activist (born 1935)
2000 – Walter Matthau, American actor (born 1920)
2001 – Nikolay Basov, Russian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1922)
2001 – Jean-Louis Rosier, French race car driver (born 1925)
2003 – Herbie Mann, American flute player and saxophonist (born 1930)
2004 – Peter Barnes, English playwright and screenwriter (born 1931)
2004 – Marlon Brando, American actor and director (born 1924)
2004 – Todor Skalovski, Macedonian composer and conductor (born 1909)
2005 – Renaldo Benson, American singer-songwriter (Four Tops) (born 1936)
2005 – Gus Bodnar, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (born 1923)
2005 – Luther Vandross, American singer-songwriter and producer (Change) (born 1951)
2006 – Ryutaro Hashimoto, Japanese politician, 53rd Prime Minister of Japan (born 1937)
2006 – Robert Lepikson, Estonian race car driver and politician, Estonian Minister of the Interior (born 1952)
2006 – Fred Trueman, English cricketer and sportscaster (born 1931)
2008 – Mel Galley, English guitarist (born 1948)
2009 – Karl Malden, American actor (born 1912)
2009 – Onni Palaste, Finnish soldier and author (born 1917)
2009 – Mollie Sugden, English actress (born 1922)
2010 – Don Coryell, American football player and coach (born 1924)
2010 – Arnold Friberg, American painter and illustrator (born 1913)
2010 – Ilene Woods, American actress and singer (born 1929)
2012 – Peter E. Gillquist, American priest and author (born 1938)
2012 – Ossie Hibbert, Jamaican-American keyboard player and producer (born 1950)
2012 – Evelyn Lear, American operatic soprano (born 1926)
2012 – Alan G. Poindexter, American captain, pilot and astronaut (born 1961)
2012 – Jack Richardson, American author and playwright (born 1934)
2013 – Sidney Bryan Berry, American general (born 1926)
2013 – Charles Foley, American game designer, co-creator of Twister (born 1930)
2013 – William H. Gray, American minister and politician (born 1941)
2014 – Jean Garon, Canadian economist, lawyer and politician (born 1938)
2014 – Stephen Gaskin, American activist, co-founder of The Farm (born 1935)
2014 – Bob Jones, English lawyer and politician (born 1955)
2014 – Anatoly Kornukov, Ukrainian-Russian general (born 1942)
2014 – Walter Dean Myers, American author and poet (born 1937)
2015 – Val Doonican, Irish singer and television host (born 1927)
2015 – Czesław Olech, Polish mathematician and academic (born 1931)
2015 – Nicholas Winton, English lieutenant and humanitarian (born 1909)
2016 – Robin Hardy, English author and film director (born 1929)
2019 – Bogusław Schaeffer, Polish composer (born 1929)
2021 – Louis Andriessen, Dutch composer (born 1939)
2023 – Dilano van 't Hoff, Dutch race car driver (born 2004)
2024 – Ismail Kadare, Albanian novelist (born 1936)
2024 – Robert Towne, American screenwriter (born 1934)
2025 – Alex Delvecchio, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (born 1931)
2025 – Jimmy Swaggart, American pastor and television host (born 1935)

Holidays and observances 36

Christian feast day: Aaron (Catholic Church and Syriac Christianity) Blessed Antonio Rosmini-Serbati Junípero Serra Julius and Aaron Leontius of Autun Oliver Plunkett Servanus Veep July 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Feast of the Most Precious Blood of Our Lord Jesus Christ (removed from official Roman Catholic calendar since 1969)
Aaron (Catholic Church and Syriac Christianity)
Blessed Antonio Rosmini-Serbati
Junípero Serra
Julius and Aaron
Leontius of Autun
Oliver Plunkett
Servanus
Veep
July 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Feast of the Most Precious Blood of Our Lord Jesus Christ (removed from official Roman Catholic calendar since 1969)
Armed Forces Day (Singapore)
Bobby Bonilla Day (United States)
Canada Day, formerly Dominion Day (Canada)
Children's Day (Pakistan)
Chinese Communist Party Founding Day (China)
Day of Officials and Civil Servants (Hungary)
Doctors' Day (India)
Emancipation Day (Sint Maarten and Sint Eustatius)
Engineer's Day (Bahrain, Mexico)
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day (Hong Kong, China)
Independence Day (Burundi), celebrates the independence of Burundi from Belgium in 1962.
Independence Day (Rwanda)
Independence Day (Somalia)
International Tartan Day
July Morning (Bulgaria)
Keti Koti (Emancipation Day) (Suriname)
Madeira Day (Madeira, Portugal)
Moving Day (Quebec) (Canada)
Newfoundland and Labrador Memorial Day
Republic Day (Ghana)
RONPhos Handover Day (Nauru)
Sir Seretse Khama Day (Botswana)
Territory Day (British Virgin Islands)
Territory Day (Northern Territory, Australia)
The first day of Van Mahotsav, celebrated until July 7. (India)