What is an administrative act?

An administrative act expresses public authority’s will to produce legal consequences. Appointments, permits and certain sanctions are examples. Not everything an administration does has this character: private-law contracts and factual conduct need separate assessment. Classification affects remedies.

Elements and types

1. Competence and form The proper authority must follow required procedures. Signatures, panel composition and consultations can matter. A reasonable-looking outcome does not invariably cure lack of authority. 2. Grounds, subject and purpose Factual and legal bases concern grounds; the legal result concerns subject matter. Powers must serve public interest and applicable statutory purposes. These elements require combined examination. 3. Individual and regulatory acts Individual acts concern particular people or situations; regulations create general rules. Preparatory or informational documents are not always final challengeable decisions. Legal effect matters alongside title.

Notification and review

4. Service Notification can determine deadlines. Document dates may differ from service dates. Electronic notification has specific rules; preserve delivery records. 5. Remedies Administrative applications and litigation vary by act. Their effects on deadlines differ. Sending a letter does not automatically preserve every litigation period. 6. Suspension Filing usually does not itself remove effects, subject to exceptions. Suspension requires separate conditions. Annulment and compensation also serve different purposes. Assessment needs both the decision and notification documents.