What is hypertension?

Hypertension means persistently elevated pressure in the arteries. It often causes no obvious symptoms, so how someone feels cannot establish their blood pressure. Uncontrolled hypertension can damage the heart, brain, kidneys and vessels. Diagnosis and treatment combine reliable measurements with overall health risk.

Assessing blood pressure

1. Two numbers Systolic pressure describes the heart’s contracting phase, while diastolic pressure describes relaxation between beats. Readings use millimeters of mercury. Pulse and blood pressure are different; a normal pulse does not establish normal pressure. 2. Measurement Correct cuff size, a supported arm and quiet rest beforehand matter. Talking, recent exercise and poor placement affect readings. Home results can be logged with dates and times. One casual reading does not establish persistent hypertension. 3. Risk factors Age, family history, excess salt, inactivity and other illnesses affect risk. Some medicines, kidney conditions and hormonal disorders can contribute. Investigation is individualized.

Control, follow-up and emergencies

4. Daily habits Balanced nutrition, less salt, avoiding tobacco and suitable activity support control without replacing necessary medicines. Herbal products may affect pressure and interact with treatments. 5. Ongoing care Targets depend on age, other conditions and measurement methods. Do not stop prescribed medicine because you feel well or take extra doses independently. Discuss side effects and measurement records with a professional. 6. Urgent symptoms Very high readings with chest pain, breathlessness, confusion or sudden weakness require emergency care. These symptoms matter even without a reading. In Türkiye, call 112 rather than delaying care to lower pressure at home.