What is asthma?

Asthma is a chronic condition involving airway inflammation and variable narrowing. Cough, wheeze, chest tightness and breathlessness can occur in episodes. Symptoms vary, and feeling well between attacks does not prove the disease has disappeared. Appropriate treatment helps many people live actively.

Symptoms, triggers and diagnosis

1. Airway changes Narrowing and sensitivity can obstruct airflow. Symptoms may worsen at night, during activity or after exposures. Not every wheeze is asthma; new respiratory symptoms need assessment. 2. Triggers Tobacco smoke, pollution, some allergens and respiratory infections can contribute. Triggers vary between people. Identifying personal patterns is preferable to unnecessary broad restrictions. Exercise should not automatically be abandoned. 3. Diagnosis Clinical history and lung-function tests are considered together. Repeat testing or measurements under different conditions may be needed. Assessment varies with children’s ages; online quizzes cannot diagnose asthma.

Control and attack safety

4. Treatment plans Anti-inflammatory and symptom-relieving treatments are individualized. Correct inhaler technique matters and can be checked with a professional. Medicine selection and changes need clinical assessment. 5. Written action plans Personal plans explain what to do when symptoms worsen. Frequent reliever use or nighttime waking can indicate poor control. Follow-up reviews triggers, technique and access to treatment. 6. Emergencies Breathlessness preventing speech, blue coloring, exhaustion or failure to improve with prescribed rescue treatment is urgent. Follow the action plan without delaying emergency help. Smoke or steam remedies do not replace necessary treatment.