What are animal pollinators?

Animal pollinators move pollen among flowers and contribute to the reproduction of many flowering plants.

Who pollinates?

Bees, butterflies, moths, flies, beetles, some birds and bats interact with different plants. Visiting a flower does not automatically mean successful pollination: suitable pollen must reach the receptive structure of a plant of the same species. Some plants are wind-pollinated too. Flower shape, scent, nectar and visitor anatomy all play roles. Animals may gain food while transferring pollen, though details vary by species.

What conservation requires

Native plants flowering at different times, nesting areas and connected habitats may be important. Effects of pesticide use, habitat loss and disease differ by species and context. Focusing only on honey bees can obscure the diversity of native wild pollinators. Smithsonian explains the value of pollination for natural ecosystems and some crops.