What is osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis weakens bones and increases fracture risk. It can remain silent until a fracture occurs and is not restricted to older women. Assessment combines bone density, previous fractures, fall risk and other health factors.

Understanding bone health

1. Living tissue Bone continually remodels through formation and breakdown. Imbalance can reduce strength. Lack of pain does not establish strong bones; osteoporosis can be painless before fracture. 2. Risk factors Age, menopause, parental hip fracture, certain illnesses and prolonged use of some medicines contribute. Low weight, tobacco and excessive alcohol also matter. Discuss medicine-related risks rather than stopping treatment independently. 3. Assessment Bone-density testing and clinical evaluation work together. Results need context including age and fracture history. Low-trauma fractures can provide important information beyond a density result.

Prevention, treatment and falls

4. Nutrition and activity Adequate nutrition and appropriate calcium and vitamin D status support bones. Strength and balance exercises can reduce falls. Existing fractures or severe osteoporosis require individualized activity choices. 5. Treatment People at sufficient risk may need medicines that reduce fractures. Supplements are not universally needed at identical doses, and excess can harm. Some therapies should not be stopped without a plan; consult a professional. 6. Warning signs Hip pain or inability to bear weight after a fall, and new severe back pain, need assessment. Fractures can follow minor movements. Review lighting, slippery surfaces and vision problems that contribute to falls.