What is hypothyroidism?

Hypothyroidism means the thyroid produces too little hormone for the body’s needs. Thyroid hormones influence many organs. Fatigue, feeling cold, constipation and dry skin can occur without establishing diagnosis alone. Blood tests and clinical assessment are combined.

Causes and diagnosis

1. Thyroid function The gland at the front of the neck produces hormones involved in metabolism, regulated through feedback with brain systems. Enlargement does not automatically mean overactivity or underactivity: structure and function differ. 2. Causes Hashimoto disease, involving immune effects on the gland, is common. Previous thyroid treatments and some medicines can contribute. Excess iodine as well as deficiency can cause problems, so arbitrary supplements are inappropriate. 3. Testing TSH and free thyroid hormones are considered as appropriate. Pregnancy, medicines and other illnesses influence interpretation. Supplements can affect testing, so disclose all products.

Treatment and follow-up

4. Hormone replacement Replacement is used when needed and adjusted through follow-up. Borrowing doses or taking hormones only for weight loss is dangerous. Improvement requires monitoring. 5. Administration and interactions Follow instructions about food and other products. Iron and calcium can affect absorption. Discuss stopping, doubling or changing schedules with a professional. 6. Seeking assessment Persistent symptoms, pregnancy planning and thyroid history during pregnancy warrant timely review. Marked drowsiness, confusion and severe low body temperature may need emergency care. Not all fatigue is caused by thyroid disease.