What is a tort?

A tort can create liability when unlawful conduct harms another. General Turkish rules appear in the Code of Obligations. Harm does not automatically make a particular person liable: conduct, loss, causation and the applicable liability rule require combined assessment.

Core elements

1. Unlawfulness A protected right or protective rule may be violated. Justifications need separate consideration. Being upset by conduct does not necessarily establish a tort. 2. Harm and causation Economic loss and injury to personality interests can support different claims. Legally sufficient causation must connect conduct and outcome. Harm following an event does not alone prove causation. 3. Fault and special liability Intent or negligence matters in general fault-based liability. Some situations have strict-liability rules, so identical fault proof is not universal.

Damages and evidence

4. Different claims Pecuniary damages address economic losses; nonpecuniary compensation addresses qualifying personality injuries. Amounts are not an automatic punishment tariff. Scope depends on harm and applicable rules. 5. Documentation Invoices, reports, witnesses and other suitable evidence can matter. The injured person’s conduct and steps to limit increasing harm may affect outcomes. Evidence must be obtained lawfully and presented in context. 6. Criminal proceedings One event can generate criminal and civil processes with different purposes and conditions. Criminal outcomes do not transfer automatically in every respect. Limitation and special periods depend on the event. Specific liability requires documented legal assessment.